Palloza, Piornedo, Galicia, Spanyolország

1533. oldal.

http://goo.gl/maps/Vxp7p

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palloza
http://r3---fra07t16.c.bigcache.googleapis.com/static.panoramio.com/photos/original/4833745.jpg?ms=tsu&mv=m&mt=1343329682&cms_redirect=yes&redirect_counter=2
http://pt.bestpicturesof.com/pallozas
http://www.cienladrillos.com/2007/05/29-pallozas

2.IV.5J-I Galician: palloza
A dwelling of oval or circular layout and with a thatched roof, the palloza is preserved in the remotest parts of the eastern mountains of Galicia, in the northwest region of the Iberian peninsula.
The biggest concentration of pallozas is found in the villages of Vilarello, Xantes, Donis, Piornedo and Moreira, about 1200 m (4000 ft) above sea level, in the western band of the Sierra dos Ancares which runs from north to south between the provinces of Lugo and Leon. Outside this area the remaining pallozas are rare, surviving in an adapted or evolved fashion. They are found on the sunniest mountain slopes forming groups of dwellings along a stone road (corredoira) which follows the curve levels. This pattern of settlement, called rueiro, is the commonest in the region.
There is a wide range of ground plans from the almost circular to the almost rectangular with round corners. This diversity responds to climatological conditions such as the direction of the prevailing winds, constructional ones like the length of the structural elements, or functional ones such as the need for bigger space.
Generally the size varies between 12 m (39 ft) and 14 m (46 ft) in diameter. The major axis in the plan follows the direction of the slope allowing two levels inside the dwelling. While the highest is occupied by the family members, the lowest serves as shelter for cows and horses. Basically, the palloza is a huge single space under a big straw cover which shelters people, animals and the harvests against the long harsh winter. Its shape is similar to that of an inverted hull lying on a 2 m (6.5 ft)-high

laid over it On the barra rye straw, hay and potatoes are stored to help to last out the winter The barra also provides extra sleeping space Above the lareira and across the astraijo extend two horizontal beams igansenas] holding a t>pe of platform the camzo with a twofold function to protect the thatched roof from sparks and to serve as a place for drying chestnuts, an essential part of the diet
I he roof structure made of oak or chestnut timber, comprises two wooden poles (esteos or pes de armar) placed upon a large stone perforated in the middle I he> are forked at the top to hold the main beam (cume) which serves in turn to support the rafters {cantos) Above these the horizontal planks (iatas) hold the straw trusses (colmos) To help to support the weight there can be auxiliary beams (carreiras) which run horizontally and are supported by tixeiras, small esteos which are placed near the walls
Ihe last residents in this type of dwelling left the palloza do Perdyon in Piornedo in iggi Most of them are, however still used for sheltering the animals

Palloza_szöv1533_34.txt

Számi lavvu

Skót "fekete házak" / Black Houses, Scotland

A Skót Felföldön épített kőházak a tájkép szerves részei. Az épületek neve ("black house") nem a homlokzatra, a több évszázad alatt befeketedett kövekre utal. A legalább 150 évvel ezelőtt épített tradicionális kőházakban az emberek és a jószágaik egy épületben éltek, az egyik végén a "lakás", a másik végén az "istálló" helyezkedett el (ez hasonlít a magyar népi építészetben a magyar tornácos ház és a mezőgazdasági építmények lineáris elrendezésére). A két helyiséget általában csak egy egyszerű nádból készült "válaszfal" határolta le. A beszélő nevet akkor kapták, mikor az 1800-as években olyan - szintén kőből épült - építmények is megjelentek a Skót Felföldön, amelyekben az állatok és az emberek szeparált épületrészekben tartózkodtak. Ez volt az ún. "white house" amivel ellentébe állítva kapták a "black house" elnevezést az említett épületek.

A ház falai gyakorlatilag "maghőszigeteltként" épültek: két réteg szárazon rakott kőfal között rést hagytak, melyet sárral és földdel tömtek ki. A tető a belső falrétegre támasztott szarufákra rakott vastag zsúpfedésből állt, melyet az erős szelek miatt a legtöbbször kövekkel terheltek le a széleken. Kémény nem volt az épületeken, a döngölt földpadlón rakott tűz füstje a tetőn keresztül jutott ki. Az épületek jellemzően nem voltak nagyobbak egy magyar háromosztatú parasztháznál. Egyes "black house"-okban még az 1970-es években is éltek, sok ma is jó állapotban van, esetleg múzeumként felújítva látogatható.

Források:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_house

http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/propertyplan/propertyoverview.htm?PropID=pl_034&PropName=The%20Black%20House,%20Arnol

http://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/lewis/blackhousemuseum/index.html

http://www.isle-of-lewis.com/history/blackhouses.htm

Viszoki Csaba

2.Ill 8.J Orkney (Scotland, North Sea Is)
Orkney is the southernmost of the two archipelagos forming the northern isles of Scotland. The archipelago measures 92 km (57 mi), north to south, by 44 km (27 mi), east to west.
The distance from the Scottish mainland is only 10 km (6 mi) and the original inhabitants are from the same stock as colonized Britain. The Vikings set up settlements from the 6th century and by 1098 the Norse influence was such that the Earls of Orkney swore allegiance to the Norwegian Crown. Norse dominance continued until 1468 when James III of Scotland married Margaret of Denmark. The dowry was 60000 florins: 2000 florins in currency, Orkney valued at 50000 florins, and Shetland at 8000. The Danes intended to redeem the territories but this did not happen. The isles were administered as a stew-ardry, then as two counties and recently as two regional island councils.
Orkney is a fertile area, the economy based on mixed farming, fishing and trade. Its position, with Shetland, separates the North Sea from the Atlantic Ocean, a little north of Skagerrak and the entrance to the Baltic Sea. Traders wishing to travel by sea between north and south Europe, avoiding the English Channel, had to pass through or round the northern isles.
The Orkney landscape is virtually treeless and the geological base is mainly sandstone in the form of flagstone, which is exposed at many places round the coastline and can be quarried using the simplest of levers. Abundant supplies of readily available flagstone, at an important crossroads, have resulted in Orkney having some of the oldest dwelling houses in Europe. Masonry walled houses, now roofless but otherwise complete, with stone slab furnishings and internal partitions have been excavated at a number of sites, most notably Knap of Ilowar, Papa Westray, 3600-3100 BC, and Skara Brae on mainland Orkney, 3100-2500 bc.
The surviving i8th and 19th century vernacular buildings on Orkney have many details in common with these neolithic
houses but the plan forms are quite different. The later plan forms, like their relatives in northern Scodand, the Hebrides, Shetland and western Norway are derived from housetypes introduced by Viking settlers. In their simplest form they comprise room, kitchen and byre in a single volume measuring 22 m (72 ft) X 5 m (16 ft); they are open to the apex of the roof with minimal rooflights lighting the interior. According to i8th-centur)' descriptions farmhouses were largely built of turf and the internal space was subdivided by pieces of furniture.
The present survivals of this building type are all masonry structures not dissimilar to the turf structures of the i8th century. In smaller houses, the room, kitchen and byre are divided by masonry gables. The kitchen is further subdivided by the backstone to the hearth, the kitchen remaining on the hearth side of the backstone: the scullery, with the smoke-hole for the fire, on the other side. In larger houses, the backstone becomes an internal gable. The north wall of the kitchen often contains a number of bedshots with flagstone fronts and curtained openings. Larger houses have additional byres, stable, barn, corn kiln, chaulmer, implements store and outhouses added in linear form or in parallel ranges with mutual walls.
In the treeless landscape, structural timber was always in short supply. Driftwood was used as were substitutes including whalebone, flagstone and simmons (straw or heather rope). Flagstone was used structurally. Closely spaced simmons were used running from eaves to eaves over the ridge and purlins to form an inclined deck. Both flagstone and simmons
decks were thatched with straw or turf, held in place with yet more closely spaced simmons weighted with flagstone at the eaves. When flagstones were used the pitch was often very low - 15° to 20°; with closely spaced simmons, the pitch is usually between 40° and 50°.

2 III 8 j-i Shetland (North Sea is; Scotland)
The Shetland Isles are a compact group, no km (70 mi) north to south and 60 km (37 mi) east to west. Two islands lie outside this main group: Foula, 28 km (17 mi) to the west and Fair Isle, 32 km (20 mi) to the south, almost half way between Sumburgh Head at the south end of Shetland and North Ronaldsay, Orkney. The main town is Lerwick which is closer to Bergen in Norway than to the mainland of Scodand.
The Shedand landscape is generally less ferule and more mountainous than Orkney, while the coastíine is more rocky with dramatic cliffs and distant views. The geology is also quite different, only Sumburgh having easily quarried sandstone.
The vernacular buildings of Shedand developed in a similar way to those of Orkney although the archaeological survival rate is less spectacular. Jarlshof on the sandstone promontory at Sumburgh is the excepdon with almost complete buildings dating from 2400 BC to the medieval period. The Viking houses are less complete than the earlier and later buildings and appear to have been constructed of alternaring layers of stone and turf surrounding a timber-framed and lined carcass.
Timber-lined buildings faced externally with turf were still to be found in the early years of the 20th century. These were similar in form to the Norse-style houses in Iceland such as the Stong farmhouse, to Viking House No. 6 at Jarlshof and to a Viking house recentíy excavated at Papa Stour. Shedand has the same scarcity of timber as described in Orkney - the umbers for the houses being imported from Norway from the first Viking setdements until the i6th century when Earl Patrick commandeered the ships involved in the trade. Timber boats were suU being imported in the 19th century. Like the buildings, these arrived in kit form and were assembled in Shedand.
The igth-centuiy vernacular buildings are generally masonry walled and similar in plan form to Orkney longhouses. The basic house comprised a room, kitchen and byre but was generally higher in the walls and steeper in roof pitch than its Orkney counterpart, and was thatched. The elements of the plan are separated by masonry gables, the roof stepping down from house to byre at the appropriate gable. The kitchen also often has a parual loft. The ancillary buildings can be at right angles or parallel to the house, often with mutual walls or narrow passageways.

Scotland black_szov1393_94.txt

Izlandi gyepházak / Traditional Turf Houses, Iceland

A sajátos izlandi időjárás alakította földdel-gyeppel burkolt házak. Falai kőből, fából készültek. A hagyományos típusaiban helye volt az állatoknak, az embernek is külön-külön. főzőhelyiséggel, padokkal, ágyakkal, jellemzően egy légtérben. Egyetlen nyílása a bejárati ajtó volt, illetve még egy füstlyuk szolgált a füst elvezetésére a belső tűzrakóhely felett. A családfő és felesége számára egy szekrényszerű lakószoba épült belül. A ház sokszor a föld alá is befutott, kihasználva a terep adottságait, így viszonylag nagy területen nyúlt el egy-egy ilyen ház. A gyepház 1-2 méter vastag falai 3-4 méter széles, és 10-12 méter hosszú belső teret zártak körül. A linkek között található példa 28 méter hosszú házra is.

Források:

'gyep' házak wiki

pár kép

technikák, szerkezet, külső, belső

Őry Balázs

2 III 8 c Faeroese (North Sea Is)
The Faeroes (Foroyar) (62°N, 7°W) are situated between Iceland and Scotland The average temperature for July IS about 10 °C (50°F) and for January about 4 °C (39 °F) The 18 rocky islands - besides small islets and skerries - are of volcanic origin and composed of strata of basalt and tuff The
highest mountain is 882 m (2893 ft) Grass grows on the mountainsides and in the valleys, and, from the earliest times, sheep have grazed freely on the outfields, which has influenced the vegetation
The Faeroes were setded in Viking times by people from Norway, who, in the course of time, developed their own cultural characteristics and the Faeroese language From the time of the earliest settlement (landnam), the economic base has been a combination ofagriculture fishery and other natural resources such as whales, seals and birds In certain respects the islanders were self-sufficient and also able to export goods dried fish, wool, and, after the 19th century also split cod Apart from driftwood, all timber was imported
People lived in villages, where the houses were built on a selected open place (lieimrust) A village was characterized by its cultivated infields and uncultivated outfields, clearly divided by a stone wall, which nowadays is often replaced bv a wire fence Cattíe grazed on the outfields m summer and were stall-fed in winter The sheep were outside all the year round
From the middle of the 19th century, Faeroese split cod came onto the world market This economic upturn brought about changes in style ofbuilding and the cultural landscape In most of the big villages large areas were paved with flat stones for drying the fish Warehouses and landing stages also became part of the shore architecture
Ihe traditional Faeroese agriculture was spade-husbandrv without the use of ploughs A particular cultural characteristic of the old infields, which has now disappeared in the big villages, IS the narrow strips of land bounded by ditches (teyal endi) Characteristic of the outfields are the dry stone boundaiy walls and the walls built in the shape of a horseshoe (bol or itipoa) as shelters for the sheep in bad weather Several times a year the sheep were driven into folds which resembled the shelters (bol) but were larger Many old sheepfolds can still be seen Peat was cut in the outfields and the dried peat was stored in a kroiju a structure of piled-up stones, which when it was full was covered with turf and stones Often several of these shelters for storing turf lay side by side, resembling graves
Ihere have been three main types of dwelling house in the Faeroc Islands Ihe first was the longhouse of Viking times with Its fireplace in the centre, and this was followed by the second type, the traditional Faeroese roykstoua (literally, 'smoke room'), a wooden stave structure with outer walls built of stone This style of building is found in the oldest of the Faeroese wooden churches Intime one or more of the outer stone walls was replaced by wooden boarding Sleeping accommodation consisted of bunks that utilized the hollow space, right out to the outer stone wall In the i8th century another room (glasstova) was added to the roykstoua In contrast to the roykstoua, which only had an opening in the roof to let smoke out and light in, the^lasstoua had windows in one side The economic advances in the 19th century allowed the big farmers to add more livmg-rooms and bedrooms to their original roykstoua These were mainly for entertaining visitors and indicated a certain social standing
At the end of the 19th century, a new, third type of house replaced the old traditional house It was a three-storey house

with a basement tliat was used as a byre, for storage and so on, a first floor with two main rooms and a bedroom, and a second floor with two or more bedrooms. These houses varied in size, and in the most prestigious the outer walls were continued upwards to allow attics to be made. Three-storey houses form the core of many older villages. A great variety of houses have come since World War 11, both standard types of houses and individually designed houses.
A number of outbuildings formed part of the traditional Faeroese house or farm: a byre, and buildings for storing hay and for dr>'ing meat. Most of these were stave-built structures in which the roof was made of rafters and covered with turf but roofs with horizontal beam structures were found on simpler structures. The byre might be a simple freestanding building, but in the traditional Faeroese house the byre was built as an extension of the roykstoua. Where the building site was suitable, the byre could be in the basement of the house. Hay was stored in a large stack (des), but there were also special buildings for the storage of hay. These are probably fairly recent. A special outbuilding (hjaliur) was used for drying and storing food. The outbuilding for drying corn (sornhus) was usually shared by the whole village or part of the village. Buildings to house hens and geese were often very simple structures. In some places potatoes were stored in a special building (epiahus), which was built of earth and stone and had a door that closed tightly so that the potatoes would be protected from frost.
Boats were kept in boathouses (neyst). These were built of stone and had roofs made of rafters covered with turf Boathouses were usually built adjacent to one another, and at times were so low that the gable had to be removed in order to get the boat out.
Some outbuildings were situated close to the house, but they could also be quite a long way from the house. This was particularly the case with buildings in which food was dried and stored. These were situated in the most suitable places for their function, and often outbuildings belonging to several different owners were gathered at the same place.

Turf houses_szov1386_87.txt

Trullók Dél-Itáliában / Trullo Houses, South Italy

Dél-Olaszország Puglia tartományában találhatóak ezek a különleges építmények. Kötőanyag nélkül helyezték egymásra a köveket. A ’trullo’ jelentése a latin ’trullis’, ’trulla’, vagy a görög ’tholosz’, esetleg a görög-bizánci ’torullosa’ szóból ered, mindegyik jelentése ’Cupola’, azaz kupola/gömbboltozat. A trullóknak többféle típusa létezik. A típusok egyes területekhez köthetők. Egy trulló több kupolaszerű felépítményből áll, a belső terek szeparáltak, amelyek fölé kisebb-nagyobb átmérőjű kőboltozatot emeltek. Egy ilyen boltozat átmérője 4-6 méter között mozog. Némely boltozati terekben fafödémmel képeztek egy felső szintet, amely elsősorban tárolásra szolgált. Az épületen belül elkülönült a főzés helye, a közösségi tér, a kultikus tér, a lakószobák és az állattartás helyiségei.

Források:

Puglia Alberobello

Délkelet-Itália

Barangolás Dél-Olaszaszországban

Trullo, Wikipédia

Olasz leírás a trullókról

A trullók szerkezete, építéstechnikája

A trullók szerkezete

A trullók története, karakterisztika

A trullók fejlődéstörténete, tipológia

Pugliai trullók (olasz leírás képekkel)

alaprajz

Dávid Alexandra

2 IV.7 a Abruzzo (Italy, c, e)
The architectural forms of the Abruzzo are sharply marked by its geographic features which influenced economic, social and political assets. The central Apennine mountain range (with the Gran Sasso, 2970 m [9740 ft], and the Maiella, 2793 m [9160 ft]), by isolating this region from the great commercial axes, has kept it in the state of the IVliddle Ages until the late 17th century. In the mountain regions settlements are principally fortified villages of small dimension perched on strategic-defensive points. At the top is a castle, and all around are the houses of the people working for and depending on the ruler, originally a feudal lord charged to maintain a conquered territory. First came the Longobards, then the Normans, followed by the Aragonese and, from the i6th century, the Roman aristocracy. In more peaceful times the landlords replaced the village walls with an enclosing urbanistic design: an ordered plan which reflects a controlled population, as seen in the elliptical map of Castelvecchio Calvisio, the echelon formation of Pescocostanzo or the ghettos' clustered houses of Civ-itaretenga disposed in triangular sectors.
In this melting pot of different civilizations, vernacular architecture reflects heterogeneous and cultivated models. Because of the reduced areas available on peaks or among rocks, houses are often multilevel towers built with stone walls and barrel vaults (as in Castel del Monte). Great attention is paid to the quality of detail: stone outlines of doors and windows are carved with monograms, floral motifs and animal figures. The main local economic activity being transhumant sheep farming, houses do not have stables for the animals; on the ground level is the storehouse, above, a big kitchen and at the higher levels the bedrooms. Apart from a few artisans, the village is permanently inhabited only by old people, women and children; the shepherds used to (and most of them still do) live on mountain pastures, at the foot of the Maiella and of Gran Sasso, in compounds fortified by dry stone walls to protect them from attack by bears and wolves. Inside the walls, dwellings, stables and passages are covered by ogival dry stone vaults. At the onset of winter, shepherds move south towards the abundant Apulian pastures, and all along the transhumance paths, nearly every 30 km (18.5 mi) - the average daily distance - are scattered small churches providing lodgings.
From the 12th century, the more fertile land of hills and plains was colonized by monastic orders which built huge and extraordinary monasteries and distributed lands to the farmers. Farmers' dwellings are widespread in the country, their dimensions extended in order to shelter bigger families. Walls are made of bricks laid in such a way as to create decorative effects, stairs are external, and above the entrance, an open arched gallery allows access to the rooms. There is usually a fretworked pigeon-house centrally placed on the top of the roof
Except for a few harbours or commercial towns (such as Ortona and Lanciano) the Adriatic coast long remained uninhabited because of pirates' attacks; in the hinterland the scattered houses were temporary mud dwellings. Some beautiful examples of this architecture still exist (for instance in Chieti and Casoli) but even in this simple type, the fronts of the houses are decorated with pilasters, capitals, rose windows, and projecting galleries sheltering the external stairs.
Cut off from the economic thrust, and mostly abandoned during the wide emigration movement, the historic centres of Abruzzo have been spared from speculation and vandalism; and the current cultural trend may ensure their ready and fijil recovery.

2,IV 7 b Apulian (Italy, SE)
Apulia bears the imprint of many different dwelling types, whose meaning and raison d'être lie in the culture of the people who settled in this region in protohistorical and historical times. Traces of natural cave shelters can be found in Grav-ina of Materano, in Gargano, and near Peschici, where they are still in use today. The Gargano, its inland zones in particular, and the Murge, are still scattered with wooden huts, which are generally used as storerooms or as temporary dwellings.
The region is dotted with stone constructions, called pacj-ghiere, peculiar to the rural civilization, either used by shepherds as temporary dwellings during the period of seasonal
migration from Abruzzo to Apulia, or by peasants as storage deposits.
Stone constructions are widely diffused in soutiiern and central Apulia, in the Murgc and in Salento, and also in the nearby regions of Abruzzo and Molise; the seasonal migration practised by shepherds between the mountains of Abruzzo and Molise and the Apulian subcoastal plateaux probably enabled the drystone hut to spread outside the original Apulian area.
Before reaching the Murge, more precisely in the area around Canosa, there are some raised drystone huts of quadrangular construction, with a dual sloping roof {no longer pseudo-vaulted), made of tuff square stones, and used as a temporary dwelling for peasants.
The pa^^hiira has its typological counterpart in the trullo, whose building techniques are undoubtedly more advanced. Their widespread distribution throughout the Mediterranean area suggests the existence of mutual influences among different people. Some researchers consider the Apulian trulli to be a continuation of a very ancient tradition, which found its first expression in funeral constructions and which later evolved into different types of building. The trullo passed through different stages: it was originally circular and used as a temporary dwelling in rural areas (archaic phase), then it evolved to a form with circular interior and quadrangular exterior, always located in rural areas (intermediate phase), finally to become completely quadrangular when it was annexed to multicellular aggregations, such as Alberobello. As a result it has become a permanent dwelling, built of regular-shaped stone material and featuring some specific elements (the pseudo-pinnacles), which link the square plan to the circular roof. Usually the trullo has no foundations since it was built on emerging limestone reefs, out of which the building material
was extracted. When it is located near a village, the hollow also acts as a tank for rain-water.
The trullo can be found in areas where agriculture is the first and foremost activity, especially where vineyards and olive trees are cultivated, and where stock-breeding is entirely secondary. Thus the presence of these constructions, as well as of the pacj-flhiere, not only indicates the physical-geographical features of these areas but also their particular economy.
The stone house, which has been documented along the coasts and in the isles of Campania, the isles of Sicily (Eolie, Pantelleria and Ustica), and the island of Giglio (Tuscany), is also quite common in Apulia. It is usually a one-storey construction with a quadrangular plan, with a single room, whose access is ver\' low, without windows, and with the fireplace in its centre. Sometimes it has several rooms, interconnected by means of internal doors and with the same features as the original space. It can feature either a terraced, vaulted cloister (lamia) or barrel roof Since this type of house is usually not isolated, it gives rise to t>'pical villages.
One of the most complex and typical rural types in Apulia is the massena. In this region this term refers either to the permanent or temporary dwelling with characteristics of fortification, or to production centres, as in the massena of the fields, or the massena used as a shelter for sheep.
Numerous variants exist. The massene with a tower are more widespread along the coast, while in the inland areas one can find many types of fortified massene. In the Gargano the building is composite; it has an internal courtyard, is formed of massive two-storey buildings with towers or small circular turrets at the corners, or with projecting watch-towers. Inland from Tavoliere, the region has many composite two-storey massene of considerable size, with turrets at the corners, usually with a courtyard leading to the ground floor - where the stables, the peasants' quarters and the storage deposits are located - and to the first floor which contains the owner's or farmer's quarters. The extreme northwestern area of this region, to the east of the Ofanto, is characterized by the composite two-storey masserie
where the storerooms, built one above another, are flanked by dwellings, the latter usually featuring a terraced roof.
In brief, the numerous variants of tnassene feature some common elements: the use of the same building material, such as square tuff blocks, the vaulted roof and the inner courtyard with a well, which can be paved, cobblestoned or made of packed earth.

2iV7.bH Alberobello
Alberobello is a small village in the area around Bari, in the 'Murgia of trulli', a part of southern Italy characterized by a very high percentage of scattered population, resulting from the breaking up of large estates. It is the largest agglomeration of trulli and it is the only one which can be considered a real town.
Count Gian Girolamo from Acquaviva founded Alberobello in 1635, when he tried to defeat local banditry by lavishing privileges and advantages on those peasants and shepherds who would come to live in the territory.
Two hypothetical reasons can be assumed for the choice of the trullo: the first and most feasible one claims that it could appear as a temporary shelter and be quickly demolished in case of tax controls; the second, linked to the previous theory, assumes that settlers had freely chosen it, without any imposition by feudal law, so as to avoid taxes. Later on peasants understood the advantages and the thrift deriving from those constructions and refined them, giving birth to isolated or grouped trulli, creating truly spontaneous if simple architectural works of art.
The trulli are set along narrow, stepped streets winding from the square, at the foot of the hill. The streets are often irregular: narrowing and widening they mark off neighbourhoods which any town courtyard could recreate. The trulli are located in two different quarters (Monti and Aia Piccola), far from the rest of the village and considered a historic area.
Outside the trullo a paved area serves for collecting rain-water to be subsequentíy drained into a tank below. This space can simply be an enclosure, an aia, or at times an area rising above the ground level so as to create an external extension of the construction. In the country this area is created by different structures placed around it, while in towns it is determined by the peculiarly shaped course of the streets which often create small courtyards.
The grouped trulli of Alberobello are very different from those scattered about the country. While the former are arranged in rows with the front facing the street and, by their serial order, recall the peasants' constructions built at the same time in some developing centres of Apulia and Basilicata (Peschia, Pisticci and Ferrandini), the latter are differendy placed: various units are added either around the main central structure or around a courtyard.
In Alberobello dwellings usually have a rectangular floor plan with a number of conical pseudo-domes, one for each room obtained from the subdivision of the plan. Consequently, the trulli always consist of a number of aggregate units, always axial to the main room, from which the other ones originate. Various arches divide the interior into square rooms featuring conical pseudo-vaults of different height and diameter, which vary in relation to the size of the room. Consequendy the roof reveals the size, importance and use of the rooms.

Trullo_szov1567_69.txt